simple question.... can you use these boards, etc to monitor temperture (and other stuff) without a pc on...
Yes, but...
I see you mention about SD cards.
...they have pretty limited memory so some sort of expansion is needed for all but the most trivial logging.
I know you need a PC (linux) to program them,
Windows and Mac OS X are also supported (
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software).
but can it be easily and cheaply made to record the data for say weekly or daily downloads ot a pc which then displays it in th erequired formats CSV for example?
Yes, if you're a bit flexible on either easily or cheaply. I suspect a couple of solutions emphasising one or the other will appear in this thread in the next little while.
This afternoon I ordered two of these:
http://www.mx2.co.uk/default.asp?part=INTSDREADOne's to go in my laptop bag as they're more compact than the multi-function card reader which currently lives in there. The other will be ripped to little pieces to scavenge the SD card connector out to wire up to an Arduino (with a few resistors to drop to 3.3 volts) to have a play. I've also ordered two of the cheapest SD cards on the basis that there's a non-zero probability I'll blow at least one up and having a spare to use with my camera wouldn't be totally inappropriate.